Microscopy and paint cross sections are essential tools for the examination of the paint layer during scientific study or conservation treatment. Allowing for detailed analysis of materials and techniques at a microscopic level, these methods make it possible to study paint composition, layer structure, surface condition, and track the effects of treatment interventions with great specificity. It must be noted, however, that the harvesting of cross sections is actively destructive and its appropriateness must be rigorously evaluated in each instance.